how soon after exposure does genital herpes show up

Genital Herpes: Viral Infection and Manifestation

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Types and Genital Infection

Genital herpes is primarily caused by two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-2 is more frequently associated with genital infections, while HSV-1 is more commonly linked to oral herpes (cold sores), although it can also cause genital infections.

Viral Replication and Initial Infection

The virus enters the body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin during sexual contact. Following entry, the virus replicates within cells at the site of infection. This replication process can lead to inflammation and the formation of characteristic lesions.

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infection

Individuals infected with HSV can experience symptomatic or asymptomatic infections. Symptomatic infections are characterized by visible lesions and other symptoms. Asymptomatic infections involve viral shedding without any noticeable signs or symptoms.

Primary Infection: Signs and Symptoms

The first outbreak, or primary infection, can present with a range of symptoms including:

  • Painful blisters or sores in the genital area, buttocks, or inner thighs
  • Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and body aches
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
  • Pain or difficulty urinating
  • Vaginal discharge (in women)

Recurrent Outbreaks: Characteristics

After the primary infection, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells. Recurrent outbreaks can occur, typically being milder and shorter in duration than the primary infection. Some individuals experience prodromal symptoms, such as tingling, itching, or burning, before an outbreak.

Factors Influencing Outbreak Frequency and Severity

Several factors can influence the frequency and severity of recurrent outbreaks, including:

  • Stress
  • Illness
  • Menstruation (in women)
  • Compromised immune system
  • Sun exposure

Diagnosis of Genital Herpes

Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination of the lesions and laboratory tests, such as:

  • Viral culture
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing
  • Antibody blood tests

Management and Treatment

Antiviral medications can help to reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks, as well as reduce the frequency of recurrences. These medications include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir.